LL-37 dosage chart
5 mg Vial
LL-37 is dosed at 50 mcg–400 mcg daily via subcutaneous injection in educational protocols. A 5 mg vial reconstituted with bacteriostatic water yields about 1.67 mg/mL. This information is for research and educational use only.
- Reconstitute
- Add 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water → ~1.67 mg/mL concentration.
- Typical daily range
- 100–400 µg once daily (gradual titration).
- Easy measuring
- At 1.67 mg/mL, 1 unit = 0.01 mL ≈ 16.7 µg on a U-100 insulin syringe.
- Storage
- Lyophilized: freeze at −20 °C (−4 °F); after reconstitution, refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F) for up to 4 weeks; avoid freeze–thaw cycles.
Dosing schedule
| Week | Daily Dose (µg) | Units (per injection) (mL) |
|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | 50 µg | 3 units (0.03 mL) |
| Week 2 | 100 µg | 6 units (0.06 mL) |
| Week 3 | 150 µg | 9 units (0.09 mL) |
| Week 4 | 200 µg | 12 units (0.12 mL) |
| Week 5 | 250 µg | 15 units (0.15 mL) |
| Week 6 | 300 µg | 18 units (0.18 mL) |
| Week 7 | 350 µg | 21 units (0.21 mL) |
| Week 8 | 400 µg | 24 units (0.24 mL) |
Reconstitution steps
- 1Draw 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water with a sterile syringe.
- 2Inject slowly down the vial wall; avoid foaming.
- 3Gently swirl/roll until dissolved (do not shake).
- 4Label and refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F), protected from light.
Important Notes
Practical considerations for consistency and safety.
- Use new sterile insulin syringes; dispose in a sharps container.
- Rotate injection sites (abdomen, thighs, upper arms) to reduce local irritation.
- Inject slowly; wait a few seconds before withdrawing the needle.
- Document daily dose and site rotation to maintain consistency.
- Early-phase doses (≤10 units) benefit from 30- or 50-unit syringes for precision.
How This Works
LL-37 exerts both direct and indirect antimicrobial effects. Its amphipathic, cationic α-helical structure (net +6 charge) allows it to preferentially bind and disrupt negatively charged microbial membranes. Beyond direct killing, LL-37 modulates host immunity: in murine sepsis models, it induced neutrophils to release microvesicles rich in antimicrobial proteins, lowering bacterial burden and improving survival. LL-37 can also bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and block its interaction with CD14/TLR4, reducing endotoxin-triggered TNF release and neutrophil apoptosis. These combined mechanisms help explain its potential in infection control and tissue-repair contexts.
Potential Benefits & Side Effects
Observations from preclinical and clinical literature.
- In chronic venous leg ulcers (which often lack endogenous LL-37), topical treatment with synthetic LL-37 significantly accelerated healing rates compared to placebo.
- In diabetic foot ulcer trials, LL-37 cream improved granulation tissue formation and wound closure.
- Broad-spectrum antimicrobial action helps clear infections; in experimental sepsis models, LL-37 treatment reduced bacterial loads and mortality.
- Generally well tolerated; occasional mild injection-site reactions (redness, itch) may occur with subcutaneous administration.
Lifestyle Factors
Complementary strategies for best outcomes.
- Optimize vitamin D status, as vitamin D upregulates endogenous cathelicidin/LL-37 expression.
- Support wound healing with adequate protein intake and micronutrient sufficiency (zinc, vitamin C).
- Maintain proper wound hygiene and dressing protocols if using for tissue-repair goals.
- Prioritize sleep and stress management to support immune function and recovery.
Injection Technique
General subcutaneous guidance from clinical best-practice resources.
- Clean the vial stopper and skin with alcohol; allow to dry.
- Pinch a skinfold; insert the needle at 45–90° into subcutaneous tissue.
- Do not aspirate for subcutaneous injections; inject slowly and steadily.
- Rotate sites systematically (abdomen, thighs, upper arms) and move at least 2–3 cm from the previous site.
- Use aseptic technique; always use a new sterile needle and syringe for each injection.
important-note
This content is intended for therapeutic educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
LL-37 dosage FAQs
How much bacteriostatic water do you use to reconstitute LL-37?
Add 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water → ~1.67 mg/mL concentration. for a 5 mg Vial vial. Add the water slowly against the inside wall of the vial and swirl — never shake — until the powder fully dissolves.
What does the LL-37 dosing schedule look like?
Week 1 — 50 µg — 3 units (0.03 mL); Week 2 — 100 µg — 6 units (0.06 mL); Week 3 — 150 µg — 9 units (0.09 mL); Week 4 — 200 µg — 12 units (0.12 mL). The full table above lists every step with matching syringe units.
What are the mixing steps for LL-37?
Draw 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water with a sterile syringe. Inject slowly down the vial wall; avoid foaming. Gently swirl/roll until dissolved (do not shake).
How should reconstituted LL-37 be stored?
Storage: Lyophilized: freeze at −20 °C (−4 °F); after reconstitution, refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F) for up to 4 weeks; avoid freeze–thaw cycles..
How many insulin syringe units equal a LL-37 dose?
Units depend on the water volume you used. Divide your target dose by the vial concentration to get millilitres, then multiply by 100 — 1 unit on a U-100 insulin syringe is 0.01 mL. The Spartan Peptides reconstitution calculator does this conversion for you.
Is LL-37 approved for human use?
No. LL-37 is sold and referenced strictly as a research chemical. Nothing on this page is medical advice and the material is not for human consumption.
Educational and research information only. Not medical advice, not for human consumption. Values are reference figures — always verify your own math with the reconstitution calculator.
On any insulin syringe, 1 unit = 0.01 mL, so unit counts above hold across brands.